{"id":36267,"date":"2025-12-01T08:37:03","date_gmt":"2025-12-01T08:37:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.phode.com\/?p=36267"},"modified":"2025-12-01T08:44:07","modified_gmt":"2025-12-01T08:44:07","slug":"carvacrol-galenic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.phode.com\/en\/carvacrol-galenic\/","title":{"rendered":"Optimizing the efficacy of carvacrol through galenic formulation:\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Focus on the PhD research of Marion Allaoua, research ccientist at Phod\u00e9<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>At <strong>Phod\u00e9<\/strong>, we believe that the convergence of academic research and industrial innovation is the key to transforming the potential of plant-based compounds into concrete solutions for health and well-being.\u00a0<br>The doctoral research conducted by <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/marion-allaoua\/\">Marion Allaoua<\/a><\/strong>, former CIFRE PhD candidate within the company and now a research scientist at Phod\u00e9, perfectly illustrates this dynamic.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>A PhD dedicated to plant extracts and their physiological impact<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Under the joint supervision of <strong>Dr. Michel Treilhou<\/strong> and <strong>Dr. Elsa Bonnaf\u00e9<\/strong>, professors at the <strong>Institut Universitaire Champollion d\u2019Albi<\/strong>, and the <strong>Phod\u00e9 R&amp;D team<\/strong>, Marion Allaoua\u2019s thesis focused on investigating the <strong>antibacterial efficacy of a plant extract against <em>Campylobacter jejuni<\/em><\/strong> and the <strong>impact of this active compound on the caecal microbiota<\/strong> of chickens.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><em>Campylobacter<\/em>: A major public health concern<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Campylobacter jejuni<\/em> is the zoonotic bacterium most frequently responsible for human illness, primarily transmitted through the consumption of contaminated poultry meat (<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2903\/j.efsa.2024.9106\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">EFSA, 2024<\/a>).&nbsp;<br>In animal health, it represents an equally significant challenge, as it disrupts digestive balance, contributes to performance losses, and serves as a zoonotic reservoir (<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mbio.01364-14\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">MBio, 2014<\/a>).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Controlling <em>Campylobacter<\/em> thus represents a dual objective:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Health-related<\/strong>, to reduce human infection cases;\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Zootechnical<\/strong>, to improve animal health and welfare.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Given the rise of antimicrobial resistance, exploring <strong>plant-based alternatives<\/strong> has emerged as a promising avenue.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Carvacrol: A plant-derived compound with strong potential<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.phode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Une-solution-qui-permet-de-reduire-la-C.jejuni-3-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-36268\" style=\"width:340px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.phode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Une-solution-qui-permet-de-reduire-la-C.jejuni-3-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.phode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Une-solution-qui-permet-de-reduire-la-C.jejuni-3-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.phode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Une-solution-qui-permet-de-reduire-la-C.jejuni-3-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.phode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Une-solution-qui-permet-de-reduire-la-C.jejuni-3-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.phode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Une-solution-qui-permet-de-reduire-la-C.jejuni-3.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In this study, numerous plant-derived molecules were first screened <em>in vitro<\/em> for their activity against <em>C. jejuni<\/em>.\u00a0<br>Ultimately, <strong>carvacrol<\/strong>, the main active component of oregano essential oil, was selected for its <em>in vitro<\/em> efficacy against this bacterium and for its well-documented broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties (<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jfs.12129\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">JFS, 2014<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00713\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Front. Microbiol., 2017<\/a>).\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Challenge: Protecting and enhancing a fragile molecule<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Although carvacrol shows promising potential, its direct use faces several limitations:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Without protection<\/strong>, it is rapidly absorbed into systemic circulation (even before reaching the stomach; <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jsfa.3358\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">JSFA, 2008<\/a>);\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Its <strong>antibacterial effect requires direct contact<\/strong> with the target bacterium.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>These issues are critical because, in chickens, <em>Campylobacter<\/em> primarily colonizes the <strong>distal intestinal tract<\/strong>, in two pouches called <strong>caeca<\/strong>. Therefore, the active molecule must reach the caeca to demonstrate <em>in vivo<\/em> antibacterial efficacy.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The key role of galenic formulation in carvacrol efficacy<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.phode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Une-solution-qui-permet-de-reduire-la-C.jejuni-2-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-36270\" style=\"width:339px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.phode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Une-solution-qui-permet-de-reduire-la-C.jejuni-2-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.phode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Une-solution-qui-permet-de-reduire-la-C.jejuni-2-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.phode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Une-solution-qui-permet-de-reduire-la-C.jejuni-2-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.phode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Une-solution-qui-permet-de-reduire-la-C.jejuni-2-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.phode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Une-solution-qui-permet-de-reduire-la-C.jejuni-2.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Phod\u00e9\u2019s teams developed <strong>innovative formulations<\/strong> to protect carvacrol, control its release, and optimize its activity against specific pathogens such as <em>Campylobacter<\/em>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Step 1:<\/strong>&nbsp;<br>A <strong>liquid formulation<\/strong> based on carvacrol was developed, and its <em>in vitro<\/em> antibacterial efficacy was compared to that of unformulated carvacrol. The liquid formulation showed <strong>superior <\/strong><strong><em>in vitro<\/em><\/strong><strong> activity<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Step 2:<\/strong>&nbsp;<br>The <strong>mode of action<\/strong> was explored using <strong>scanning and transmission electron microscopy<\/strong>. For both formulated and unformulated carvacrol, observations revealed <strong>separation between the plasma membrane and the outer membrane<\/strong>, followed by <strong>cytoplasmic leakage<\/strong> into the intermembrane space, ultimately leading to <strong>membrane rupture and bacterial death<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Step 3:<\/strong>&nbsp;<br>A <strong>solid galenic form<\/strong> of carvacrol was developed to protect the molecule and enable its <strong>targeted delivery to the caeca<\/strong>.&nbsp;<br>A <strong>pharmacokinetic study<\/strong> was conducted in post-gavage chickens to track carvacrol\u2019s distribution along the digestive tract and in the bloodstream. This novel formulation significantly <strong>limited systemic absorption<\/strong> and <strong>concentrated carvacrol in the caeca and large intestine<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Step 4:<\/strong>&nbsp;<br>The <strong>efficacy of the protected galenic form<\/strong> was evaluated at different doses in chickens experimentally infected with a known amount of <em>C. jejuni<\/em>. After 35 days, chickens receiving the <strong>lowest doses<\/strong> displayed a <strong>significantly reduced caecal <\/strong><strong><em>C. jejuni<\/em><\/strong><strong> load<\/strong> compared to control groups.&nbsp;<br>Additionally, inoculated chickens treated with the carvacrol-based formulation exhibited <strong>increased microbial diversity<\/strong> and <strong>notable modulation of their caecal microbiota composition<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>An effective collaborative scientific approach<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Marion Allaoua\u2019s work highlights the strength of Phod\u00e9\u2019s research model, combining:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>A detailed understanding of physiological mechanisms<\/strong>, particularly the interactions between the microbiota and digestive health, supported by the academic expertise of microbiologists and molecular biologists, including Marion herself;\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Innovative galenic formulation<\/strong>, transforming a fragile plant-derived compound into a functional solution through Phod\u00e9\u2019s R&amp;D expertise;\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Targeted application<\/strong>, here focused on <em>Campylobacter<\/em>, addressing both <strong>animal and human health challenges<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Focus on the PhD research of Marion Allaoua, research ccientist at Phod\u00e9\u00a0 At Phod\u00e9, we believe that the convergence of academic research and industrial innovation is the key to transforming the potential of plant-based compounds into concrete solutions for health and well-being.\u00a0The doctoral research conducted by Marion Allaoua, former CIFRE PhD candidate within the company [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":36268,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36267","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rd-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - 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